Vocabulary + Answer Keys to NCLEX Minicourse
PART 5
English-Czech Vocabulary:
Accuse – nařknout, obvinit
Auditory – sluchový
Catatonic – strnulý
Delusion – přelud, blud
Detachment – odtržení (od reality)
Discharge – propustit
Disorganized – zmatený
Exhibit – projevit, dát najevo
Intrauterine starvation – nitroděložní hladovění
Monotone – monotonní, jednozvučný
Parrot – papoušek
Predispose – učinit nachylným (k něčemu)
Repetition – opakování
Severity – závažnost
Answer Key to Questions:
1.B
Racionale: The initial goal should be to demonstrate acceptance and work toward developing trust; spending time with the client best meets this goal.
2.C-D-A-B
Racionale: The nurse should first identify the client’s feelings and then simply explain why the voices occur; the nurse should then point out reality and then attempt to distract the client from hallucination.
3.A
Racionale: Clients can sometimes learn to push voices aside, especially when they have a trusting relationship; it may provide the client with a sense of power to manage the hallucinatory voices.
4.A
Racionale: This response recognizes the client’s feelings and provides assurance that the staff member will be present.
5.B
Racionale: Clients cannot be argued out of delusions, so the best approach is a simple statement of reality.
6.C
Racionale: This response shows an understanding of the client’s feelings and encourages the client to share feelings, which is an immediate need.
7.A
Racionale: Diagnostic criteria for paranoid schizophrenia include two or more symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations; other less prominent criteria are disorganized behavior and negative symptoms.
8.D
Racionale: The nurse’s response provides an example to the client that feelings can be expressed by words rather than by action. Also, this response shows that the nurse cares enough to set limits on behavior.
9.D
Racionale: Clients who are acutely ill with schizophrenia frequently do not trust others; feeling trapped would be frightening; causing them to lash out.
10.B
Racionale: This response focuses on a feeling that the client may be experiencing and provides an opportunity to validate the nurse’s statement.
PART 4
English-Czech Vocabulary:
Anxiety – úzkost, neklid
Avoiding – vyhýbat se
Barrel – sud
Carbon Dioxide – kysličník uhličitý
Clubbed – paličkový
Collapsed – zhroucený
Cough – kašel
Distended – nafouklý
Dust – prach
Dyspnea – dušnost
Fatigue – únava, vyčerpanost
Goblet – pohárový
Impaired – zhoršený, snížený
Inflammatory Response – zánětlivá odezva
Irritants – dráždivé
Lifelong – celoživotně
Liquefy – zkapalnit
Mucus – hlen
No Cure – neléčitelné
Obstructed – ucpaný
Portable – přenosný
Progressively – postupně
Quitting – ukončení
Restriction – omezení
Weakness – slabost
Wheezing – dušnost, pískot
Answer Key to Questions:
1.B
Racionale: Albuterol’s sympathomimetic effect causes cardiac stimulation that may cause tachycardia and palpitations.
2.A
Racionale: Retention of carbon dioxide, after exhausting the available bicarbonate ions functioning as buffers, will cause a lower pH (respiratory acidosis).
3.B.
Racionale: The orthopneic position is a sitting position that permits maximum lung expansion for gaseous exchange, because the abdominal organs do not provide pressure against the diaphragm and gravity facilitates the descent of the diaphragm.
4.C
Racionale: The etiology of a spontaneous pneumothorax is commonly the rupture of blebs on the lung surface. Blebs are similar to blisters.
5.C
Racionale: Oxygen is supplied to prevent anoxia but not in high concentrations. In an individual with emphysema, a
6.C
Racionale: Destruction of the alveolar walls leads to diminished surface area for gaseous exchange and an exchanged CO2 (carbon dioxide) level in the blood.
7.A
Racionale: These drugs cause increased heart contraction (positive inotropic effect) and increased heart rate (positive chronotropic effect). If toxic levels are reached, side effects occur and the drug should be withheld until the physician is notified.
8.B
Racionale: Patients with asthma use metered-dose inhalers to administer medications prophylactically and/or during times of an asthma attack; this is an important skill to have before discharge.
9.A
Racionale: Hypersecretion of the mucous glands provides an excellent warm, moist medium for microorganisms.
10.C
Racionale: A peak flow meter measures the peak expiratory flow rate (PEER), the maximum flow of air that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second; this monitors the pulmonary status of a patient with asthma.
PART 3
English-Czech Vocabulary:
Glandular - žlázový
Bone - kost
Fibrous - vazivový
Lesion - léze
Division - dělení
Bone marrow – kostní dřeň
Curative - léčebný
Adjuvant – pomocná látka
Interstitially - vsunutím
Intracavity – vnitřní dutina
Reinfused – znovu zaveden
Twin - dvojče
Chill - třesavka
Antiemetics – přípravky proti zvracení
Doom – zkáza, zánik, nevyhnutelný osud
Erythema – erytém, zarudnutí kůže
Wig - paruka
Answer Key to Questions:
1.A
Racionale: This statement leaves the way open to learn more about the client’s concerns.
2.B
Racionale: Bargaining is one of the stages of dying, in which the client promises some type of desirable behavior to postpone the inevitability of death.
3.C
Racionale: Clients and their families need to maintain honest, open interpersonal communication to allow sharing of concerns and to promote future problem solving.
4.A
Racionale: This recognizes and acknowledges the client’s concerns without assuming a specific feeling involved; it allows the client to set the framework for discussion and express self-identified feelings.
5.D
Racionale: Antiemetics should be administered prophylactically to decrease nausea and enhance appetite.
6.B
Racionale: Most chemotherapeutic agents interfere with mitosis. The bone marrow consists of rapidly dividing cells, and therefore its activity is depressed.
7.C
Racionale: Although most chemotherapy causes diarrhea, vincristine causes severe constipation, impaction or paralytic ileus.
8.D
Racionale: Prolonged chemotherapy may slow the production of leukocytes in bone marrow, thus suppressing the activity of the immune system. Antibiotics may be required to help counter the infections that the body can no longer handle easily.
9.C
Racionale: Many chemotherapeutic agents function by interfering with DNA replication associated with normal cellular reproduction (mitosis). The normal rapid mitosis of the stratified squamous epithelium of the mouth and anus result in their being powerfully affected by the drugs.
10.A
Racionale: Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist that can cause depression of the bone marrow. This serious toxic effect is sometimes prevented by administration of folic acid. Some physicians advocate its administration after a course of methotrexate therapy so as to not interfere with methotrexate activity.
PART 2
English-Czech Vocabulary:
Atherosclerosis – arterioskleróza
Consumption - spotřeba
Deficiency – nedostatek, neúplnost
Dehydration – odvodnění, dehydratace
Dependent – závislý
Destruction – zničení, destrukce
Diabetes Mellitus – cukrovka
Excessive – nadměrný, přílišný
Fast (noun) – hladovět, postit se
Fatigue – únava, vyčerpanost
Glucose – glukóza
Hypoglycemia – hypoglykémie
Childhood – dětství
Insufficiency – nedostatek, nedostatečnost
Irreversible – nevratný, nezměnitelný
Nausea – nevolnost, mdlo
Nephropathy – nefropatie, onemocnění ledvin
Obesity – obezita, nadváha
Pancreas – slinivka, pankreas
Random – namátkový, náhodný
Retinopathy – retinopatie, onemocnění sítnice
Severe – vážný, bolestivý
Thirst – žízeň
Vascular – cevní
Answer Key to Questions:
1.C
Racionale: Amino acids are absorbed into the blood in the intestinal capillaries with the aid of vitamin B6 via the energy dependent system known as active transport.
2.A
Racionale: Because triglycerides are made up of fatty acids bonded to glycerol, their breakdown releases fatty acids as well as glycerol.
3.D
Racionale: Heavy alcohol ingestion predisposes an individual to the development of oral cancer.
4.A
Racionale: Sleeping on pillows raises the upper torso and minimizes reflux of the gastric contents.
5.A: Alcohol should be avoided because it decreases esophageal sphincter pressure.
C:These actions promote digestion and prevent eructation (belching).
F:Small frequent meals keep the volume of food in the stomach low and facilitate gastric emptying.
6.B
Racionale: When bile does not mix with foods in the intestine, emulsification of fats cannot occur and fat digestion is retarded. Stomach motility is also reduced, because increased stomach peristalsis depends on fat digestion in the small intestine.
7.B
Racionale: Contracting hepatitis B through blood transfusions can be prevented by screening donors and testing the blood.
8.C
Racionale: Hepatitis C is caused by an RNA virus that is transmitted parenterally. The incubation period is 5 to 10 weeks,
9.C
Racionale: Weight is helpful in determining the extent of ascites: 1 liter of retained fluid equals approximately 2.2 pounds.
10.C
Racionale: Supportive drug therapy is used for concomitant problems, not the hepatitis.
PART 1
English-Czech Vocabulary:
Pericardium – perikard, osrdečník
Myocardium – myokard
Endocardium – endokard, srdeční nitroblána
Valves – chlopně
Depolarization – systola
Repolarization – diastola
Popliteal – podkolenní
Sedentary – sedavý (styl života)
Hyperlipidemia – hyperlipidemie
Edema – edém
Crackles – praskliny
Afterload – stah srdečního svalového vlákna
Dilation – dilatace
Inflated – nafouknutý
Occlusion – okluze, stažení, uzávěr
Stent – stent
Trombolytic – trombolický
Diuretics – diuretika
Answer Key to Questions:
1.B
Rationale: The heart’s apex is between the 5th and 6th ribs at the midclavicular line. It is closest to the chest wall here, so auscultation is easier.
2.C
Rationale: Depolarization cases contraction in the heart muscle.
3.B
Rationale: Hypertension is 78% more frequent in African Americans than among Caucasian Americans; one in three African Americans have hypertension.
4.B
Rationale: Ischemia causes tissue injury and the release of chemicals, such as bradykinin, that stimulate sensory nerves and produce pain.
5.C
Rationale: Myocardial infarction (MI) may cause increased irritability of tissue or interruption of normal transmission of impulses. Dysrhythmias occur in about 90% of clients after MI.
6.B
Rationale: Elevation of extremities promotes venous and lymphatic drainage by gravity.
7.D
Rationale: Right ventricular failure causes increased pressure in the systemic venous system, which leads to a fluid shift into the interstitial spaces. Because of gravity, the lower extremities are first affected in the ambulatory client.
8.C
Rationale: Streptococcal infection can be spread through the circulation to the heart causing endocarditis and affect the valves.
9.A+B
Rationale: Obesity increases cardiac workload associated with vascular changes that lead to ischemia; which causes MI. Hypertension increases afterload and cardiac workload which may lead to an MI.
10.C
Rationale: MI signs and symptoms include: chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, shoulder, back or left arm; unrelieved by Nitrogycerin.